Ekspor dan impor barang-barang terkait COVID-19: Data bulan Juli

Postingan ini adalah update ekspor dan impor barang-barang terkait COVID-19 di Indonesia. Saya sempat presentasi tentang kebijakan perdagangan Indonesia di awal COVID-19 di acara global seminar ANU Indonesia Project. Saya menggunakan data ekspor impor bulanan sampai bulan Maret dengan klasifikasi WHO/WCO revisi 2.

Kali ini, saya punya data sampai bulan Juli 2020, dan menggunakan klasifikasi WCO/WHO terbaru, yaitu revisi tiga. Ilustrasi menggunakan r.

Dinamika Ekspor nampak mirip dengan tahun lalu.

Mari kita lihat grafik impor.

# Loading and cleaning the data
library(tidyverse)
library(lubridate)

expor<-read.csv('Book1.csv') # read the data
a<-colnames(expor)           # add column names to a for easy rename
expor<-expor %>%             # rename variable names
  rename(hs=a[1],deskripsi=a[2],tujuan=a[3],periode=a[4],kg=a[5],usd=a[6])

# make periode into time series
expor$periode<-as.Date(paste0(as.character(expor$periode), '01'),format='%Y%m%d')

# Make aggregation to all countries
exporall<-expor %>% group_by(hs,periode) %>% summarise((expor=sum(usd)))
a<-colnames(exporall)
exporall<-exporall %>% rename(usd=a[3])

# Make aggregation on WCO goods classification
wco<-read.csv('wco.csv') # adding wco classification
wco<-wco %>% distinct(hshs, .keep_all = TRUE) # drop duplicates
wco$hshs<-as.character(wco$hshs) #make hshs a string so i can join them
exporall$hshs<-substr(as.character(exporall$hs),start=1,stop=6) # taking the first 6 digits
final<-inner_join(exporall,wco,by="hshs")
finall<-final %>% group_by(desc,periode) %>% summarise(expor=sum(usd))
a<-colnames(finall)
finall<-finall %>% rename(usd=a[3])
finall$usd6<-finall$usd/1000000

# plot
ggplot(finall,aes(x=periode,y=usd6, color=desc)) +
  geom_line(aes(linetype=desc),size=1.1) +
  scale_x_date(date_labels="%b-%y",date_breaks = "2 month")+
  # theme_ipsum() +
  # theme(axis.text.x=element_text(angle=60, hjust=1)) +
  geom_vline(xintercept=as.Date('20200301',format='%Y%m%d')) +
  labs(x='tahun',y="Million USD",title="Indonesia's export of COVID-19 related goods",subtitle="BPS,Compiled by Pusdatin Kemenperin")

exports

Selain Alat Pelindung Diri (APD), Indonesia menjual banyak perlengkapan kesehatan ke dunia. Penjualan APD di bulan Februari meningkat pesat berkat tingginya permintaan secara mendadak dari Cina dan Singapura, dua negara yang paling duluan mengalami pandemi ini. Di bulan Maret, Indonesia memberlakukan larangan export untuk APD, masker dan lain sebagainya, namun secara umum level ekspor APD tidak mengalami banyak perubahan.

Memang ekspor APD memiliki rantai pasoknya sendiri yang bisa berbahaya jika diinterupsi. Saya pernah mengatakan bahwa Indonesia punya potensi menjadi salah satu pemasok besar di pasar global APD. Sayangnya sepertinya ini tidak terjadi.

Ekspor Indonesia umumnya menurun di bulan Ramadhan. Kebijakan perdagangan Indonesia terkait COVID-19 banyak yang kedaluarsa di akhir bulan Juli 2020. Mungkin menarik melihat data setelah bulan Juli.

Impor testing kit sangat tinggi

Kali ini kita membicarakan impor.

Imports

Impor memiliki peran yang sangat penting di bidang kesehatan di Indonesia bahkan sebelum COVID-19. Memang Indonesia merupakan salah satu eksportir APD yang penting, tetapi impor APD pun tetap tinggi terutama karena ada APD seperti masker yang merupakan produk intensif kapital.

Kasus pertama di Indonesia terdeteksi di awal Maret. Impor tiba-tiba meroket setelah bulan Maret, utamanya APD dan testing kits. Trennya melemah di bulan Mei (apakah karena libur lebaran?) kecuali testing kits. Yang menarik, pada bulan Juli level impor sebagian besar barang-barang ini berkurang banyak. Menarik untuk dilihat apakah ini akibat peningkatan produksi domestik. Gara-gara rantai pasok global, kita perlu melihat data impor bahan baku dari barang-barang ini. Sayangnya saya tidak memahami pohon industri sektor kesehatan. Selain itu, angka produksi nasional juga sepertinya tidak mudah untuk dicari.

Perdagangan internasional telah terbukti berhasil mengangkat banyak negara dari kemiskinan, menumbuhkan ekonomi, dan meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat. Sayangnya sepertinya banyak negara (termasuk Indonesia) malah jadi anti terhadap perdagangan ketika pandemik, justru saat-saat di mana kita butuh-butuhnya meningkatkan supply barang-barang terkait COVID-19 ini. Mudah-mudahan ini bukan langkah yang salah.

Klasifikasi WHO/WCO

section

desc

hs

deskripsi

1

testing kit etc

38220010

Plates, sheets, film, foil & strip of plastics impregnated or coated with diagnostic reagents or laboratory

1

testing kit etc

38220020

Paperboard, cellulose wadding & web of cellulose fibres impregnated or coated with diagnostic reagents or laboratory

1

testing kit etc

38220030

Sterilisation indicator strips & tapes

1

testing kit etc

38220090

Diagnostic/laboratory reagents on a backing prepared diagnostic/laboratory reagents Oth than HS 3822.00.10 - 3822.00.30

1

testing kit etc

30021500

Oth blood fractions, whet/not modified/obtain by biotechnological process,put up in measured doses

1

testing kit etc

90278010

Oth instruments&apparatus,exposure meters

1

testing kit etc

90278030

Oth instruments&apparatus oth exposure meters,electricallyoperated

1

testing kit etc

90278040

Oth instruments&apparatus oth exposure meters,not electrically operated

1

testing kit etc

38210010

Prepared culture media for the development of microorganisms

1

testing kit etc

38210090

Other than prepared culture media for the development of microorganisms

2

PPE

48189000

Cellulose wadding or webs of cellulose fibres, oth thn hs code 4818.10.00 - 4818.50.00

2

PPE

63079030

Umbrella covers in pre-cut triangular form

2

PPE

63079040

Surgical masks

2

PPE

63079061

Safety harnesses safety suitable for industrial use

2

PPE

63079069

Safety harnesses suitable not for industrial use

2

PPE

63079070

Fans and handscreens

2

PPE

63079080

Laces for shoes,boots,corsets & the like

2

PPE

63079090

Oth made up articls excl umbrella covers/surgical masks/safety harnesses/fans&handscreens/laces shoes,boots,corsets

2

PPE

90200000

Breathing appliances&gas masks,excl protective masks having neither mechanical part nor replaceable filters

2

PPE

90049010

Corrective spectacles

2

PPE

90049050

Protective goggles

2

PPE

90049090

Spectacles & the like excl corrective, protective googles

2

PPE

39269010

Floats for fishing nets

2

PPE

39269020

Fans and handscreens, frames and handles therefor, and parts thereof

2

PPE

39269032

Plastic moulds with denture imprints

2

PPE

39269039

Hygienic, medical and surgical articles oth plastic moulds with denture imprints

2

PPE

39269041

Police shields

2

PPE

39269042

Protective masks for use in welding and similar work

2

PPE

39269044

Life saving cushions for the protection of persons falling from heights

2

PPE

39269049

Other safety and protective devices

2

PPE

39269053

Transmission or conveyor belts or belting

2

PPE

39269055

Plastic J-hooks or bunch blocks for detonators

2

PPE

39269059

Other articles for industrial uses

2

PPE

39269060

Point of poultry feeders

2

PPE

39269070

Padding for articles of apparel or clothing accessories

2

PPE

39269081

Cards for shoe lasts

2

PPE

39269082

Cards for prayer beads

2

PPE

39269089

Cards for jewellery or other small objects of personal adornment

2

PPE

39269091

Point of a kind used for grain storage

2

PPE

39269092

Empty capsules of a kind suitable for pharmaceutical use

2

PPE

39269099

Other articles of plastics & other materials of headings 39.01 to 39.14. oth than 3926.10.00-3926.90.92

2

PPE

40151100

Gloves, mittens and mitts for surgical, of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber

2

PPE

40151900

Gloves, mittens and mitts for not surgical, of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber

2

PPE

61161010

Divers’ gloves,knitted or crocheted, Impregnated,coated or covered with plastics or rubber

2

PPE

61161090

Other gloves, mittens and mitts, knitted or crocheted,impregnated, coated or covered with plastics or rubber

2

PPE

62160010

Protective work gloves, mittens and mitts

2

PPE

62160091

Other gloves, mittens and mitts,of wool or fine animal hair

2

PPE

62160092

Other gloves, mittens and mitts,of cotton

2

PPE

62160099

Other gloves, mittens and mitts,of oth textile material excwool or fine animal hair or cotton

2

PPE

65050010

Hats & oth headgear of a kind used for religious purposes,knitted/crocheted

2

PPE

65050020

Hair-nets of any materials

2

PPE

65050090

Oth hats&oth headgear,not for hair-nets/religious purposes,knitted/crochet

2

PPE

62114210

Garments for fencing or wrestling,of cotton,women’s/girl’s

2

PPE

62114220

Prayer cloaks, of cotton, women’s or girl’s

2

PPE

62114290

Other garments exc for fencing/wrestling/prayer cloaks, ofcotton, women’s or girl’s

2

PPE

40159010

Lead aprons, of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber

2

PPE

40159020

Divers’ suits (wet suits), of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber

2

PPE

40159090

Articles apparel&clothing accessories,oth thn 40151100-40159020 for all purposes, vulcanised rubber oth thn hard rubber

2

PPE

48185000

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

2

PPE

62101011

Garments used for protection from chemical substances, radiation or fire, of fabrics of heading 56.02 or 56.03

2

PPE

62101019

Other protective work garment (exc used for protection fromchemical substance,radiation/fire),of fabric head 5602/5603

2

PPE

62101090

Garments of fabrics of heading 56.02 or 56.03, other than protective work garments

2

PPE

62104010

Men’s or boys’ garments, used for protection from fire

2

PPE

62104020

Men’s or boys’ garments, used for protection from chemicalsubstances or radiation

2

PPE

62104090

Other men’s or boys’ protective work garments (exc used forprotection from fire/chemical subtances/radiation)

2

PPE

62105010

Women’s or girls’ garments, used for protection from fire

2

PPE

62105090

Other women’s or girls’ protective work garments (exc usedfor protection from fire/chemical subtances/radiation)

2

PPE

40169911

Parts&access kind used for vehicles of Chapter 87 for vehicles of head 8702,8703, 8704 or 8705,oth thn weatherstripping

2

PPE

40169912

Parts and accessories of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber, of a kind used for vehicles of heading 87.11

2

PPE

40169913

Weatherstripping of vulcanised rubber oth thn hard rubber, of a kind used on motor vehicles of heading 8702,8703 or 8704

2

PPE

40169915

Parts&accessories of vulcanised rubber oth thn hard rubber,of a kind used for vehicles of head 8709, 8713, 8715 or 87.16

2

PPE

40169916

Bicycle mudguards of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber

2

PPE

40169917

Bicycle parts of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber

2

PPE

40169918

Other bicycle accessories of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber

2

PPE

40169919

Parts&accessories of a kind used for vehicles of Chapter 87 of vulcanised rubber exc hard rubber oth thn 4016.99.11-20

2

PPE

40169920

Parts and accessories of rotochutes of heading 88.04 of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber

2

PPE

40169930

Rubber bands, of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber

2

PPE

40169940

Wall tiles of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber

2

PPE

40169951

Rubber rollers of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber

2

PPE

40169952

Tyre mould bladders of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber

2

PPE

40169953

Electrical insulator hoods of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber

2

PPE

40169954

Rubber grommets and rubber covers for automotive wiring harnesses of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber

2

PPE

40169959

Oth articles a kind used in machinery/mechanical/electric appliances,or for oth technical uses,oth thn 40169951-40169954

2

PPE

40169960

Rail pads of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber

2

PPE

40169970

Structural bearings including bridge bearings of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber

2

PPE

40169991

Table coverings of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber

2

PPE

40169999

Other articles of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber, n.e.c in 4016

3

sterilization product

22071000

Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength by volume of 80 % vol or higher

3

sterilization product

22089010

Medicated samsu of an alcoholic strength by volume not exceeding 40 % vol

3

sterilization product

22089099

oth than samsu, arrack and bitters of an alcoholic strength by volume exceeding 114 % vol but not exceed 40 % vol

3

sterilization product

38089410

Disinfectants containing mixtures of coal tar acid & alkalis

3

sterilization product

38089420

Disinfectants other than those containing mixtures of coal tar acid & alkalis

3

sterilization product

38089490

Disinfectants other than HS 3808.94.10 - 3808.94.20

3

sterilization product

84192000

Medical, surgical or laboratory sterilisers

3

sterilization product

28470010

Hydrogen peroxide, whether or not solidified with urea. In liquid form

3

sterilization product

28470090

Hydrogen peroxide, whether or not solidified with urea. Oth than liquid form

3

sterilization product

30049010

Transdermal therapeutic system patches for the treatment of cancer or heart diseases

3

sterilization product

30049020

Closed sterile water for inhalation, pharmaceutical grade

3

sterilization product

30049030

Antiseptics

3

sterilization product

30049041

Anaesthetics,Containing procaine hydrochloride

3

sterilization product

30049049

Anaesthetics,Other than Containing procaine hydrochloride

3

sterilization product

30049051

Analgesics,antipyretic&oth med cont para cetamol/dipyrone,acetylsalicylic,taken o

3

sterilization product

30049052

Analges,antipyretic&ot.medicament for the treat.of coughs/colds,contain/not antihistamine,contain chlrpeniramine maleate

3

sterilization product

30049053

Analges,antipyretic&oth.medicament for the treat.of cough/cold,contain/not antihistamine,contain diclofenac,taken orally

3

sterilization product

30049054

Analgesic,antipyretic&oth medicament for treatment of cough/cold,contain/not antihistamine,contain piroxicam/ibuprofen

3

sterilization product

30049055

Analgesic,antipyretic&oth medicaments for the treatment of cough/cold,contain/not antihistamines,other,in liniment form

3

sterilization product

30049059

Analgesic,antipyretic&oth med cont acety lsalicylic acd,paractaml/dpyron,not oral

3

sterilization product

30049064

Antimalarials, Containing artemisinin other than of subheading 3004.60.10

3

sterilization product

30049065

Antimalarials, Not Containing primaquine & artemisinin other than of subheading 3004.60.10, Herbal medicaments

3

sterilization product

30049069

Antimalarials, Not Containing primaquine & artemisinin other than of subheading 3004.60.10, Herbal medicaments

3

sterilization product

30049071

Anthelmintic, Containing piperazine or mebendazole (INN)

3

sterilization product

30049072

Anthelmintic Not containing piperazine or mebendazole (INN) for Herbal medicaments

3

sterilization product

30049079

Anthelminti containing piperazine or mebendazole (INN) for Herbal medicaments

3

sterilization product

30049082

Other medicaments for the treatment of HIV/AIDS

3

sterilization product

30049089

Oth medicaments for other intractable diseases oth than HIV/AIDS

3

sterilization product

30049091

Other medicaments containing sodium chloride or glucose, for infusion

3

sterilization product

30049092

Other medicaments containing sorbitol or salbutamol, for infusion

3

sterilization product

30049093

Other medicaments containing sorbitol or salbutamol, in other forms

3

sterilization product

30049094

Other medicaments containing cimetidine (INN) or ranitidine (INN) other than for injection

3

sterilization product

30049096

Nasaldrop medicaments containing naphazoline, xylometazoline or oxymetazoline

3

sterilization product

30049098

Herbal medicaments

3

sterilization product

30049099

Other medicaments except HS 3004.10.15 to 3004.90.98

3

sterilization product

29051200

Propan-1-ol (propyl alcohol) & propan-2-ol (isopropyl alcohol)

3

sterilization product

29151100

Formic acid

3

sterilization product

29151200

Salts of formic acid

3

sterilization product

29182100

Salicylic acid & its salts

3

sterilization product

85394900

Ultra-violet/infra-red lamps

3

sterilization product

85395000

Light-emitting diode (LED) lamps

3

sterilization product

85437010

Electric fence energisers

3

sterilization product

85437020

Remote control apparatus,oth radio remote control apparatus

3

sterilization product

85437030

Electrical machines with translation/dictionary functions

3

sterilization product

85437040

Equipment/machine for removal dust particle&curingmaterial by UV light for mfg of printed circuit boards

3

sterilization product

85437090

Oth equipment/machine for removal dust particle&curingmaterial by UV light for mfg of printed circuit boards

4

Oxygen teraphy

90192000

Ozone therapy,oxygen therapy, aerosoltherapy, artificialrespiration/other therapeutic respiration apparatus

4

Oxygen teraphy

90183910

Catheters

4

Oxygen teraphy

90183990

Cannulae and the like

4

Oxygen teraphy

90268010

Oth instruments/apparatus for measuring/checking the flow,level,pressure,electrically operated

4

Oxygen teraphy

90268020

Oth instruments/apparatus for measuring/checking the flow,level,pressure, not electrically operated

4

Oxygen teraphy

90181900

Other electro-diagnostic apparatus used in medical

5

other medical

90221200

Computed tomography apparatus

5

other devices

90181200

Ultrasonic scanning apparatus,used in medical

5

other devices

90181100

Electro-cardiographs,used in medical

5

other devices

90189020

Intravenous administration set

5

other devices

90189030

Electronic instruments and appliances,used in medical

5

other devices

90189090

Other instruments and appliances,used in medical

5

other devices

90251911

Thermometers&pyrometers,elect operated,temperature gauges for motor vehicles

5

other devices

90251919

Thermometers&pyrometers,elect operated,oth temperature gauges for motor vehicles

5

other devices

90251920

Thermometers&pyrometers not electrically operated

5

other devices

84131910

Pump fitted with measuring device,electrically operated,excl for dispensing fuel/lubricant in filling-station/garage

5

other devices

84131920

Pump fitted with measuring device,not-electrically operatedexcl for dispensing fuel/lubricant in filling-station/garage

5

other devices

90282020

Water meters

5

other devices

90282090

Liquid meters other than water meters.

5

other devices

73249010

Other, including parts, flushing water closets or urinals (fixed type)

5

other devices

73249091

Parts of kitchen sinks or bathtubs

5

other devices

73249093

Parts of flushing water closets or urinals (fixed type)

5

other devices

73249099

Other parts of kitchen sinks or bathtubs/flushing water closets or urinals (fixed type)

6

other consumables

28044000

Oxygen

6

other consumables

30059010

Bandages

6

other consumables

30059020

Gauze

6

other consumables

30059090

Wadding & similar articles, except bandage & gauze

6

other consumables

30051010

Adhesive dressings & other articles having an adhesive layer, impregnated or coated with pharmaceutical substances

6

other consumables

30051090

Adhesive dressings&other articles having an adhesive layer,except impregnated or coated with pharmaceutical substances

6

other consumables

34012020

Soap chips

6

other consumables

34012091

Soap in other forms of a kind used for flotation deinking of recycled paper, other than soap chips

6

other consumables

34012099

Soap in other forms, other than soap chips & soap of a kind used for flotation deinking of recycled paper

6

other consumables

34011140

Medicated soap including disinfectant soap

6

other consumables

34011150

Other soap including bath soap

6

other consumables

34011160

Soap&org surf-active prod&prep, of felt/nonwovens,impregnated,coated/covered w/ soap/detergent

6

other consumables

34011190

Soap&org surf-active prod&prep,form of bars,cakes,mould pcs/shapes,&pap.wad,felt etc,for toilet use exc HS3401.11.40-60

6

other consumables

34013000

Organic surfaceactive products&prep for washing the skin,in the form of liq/cream&put up for retSale,containing soap/not

6

other consumables

90183110

Disposable syringes, with or without needles

6

other consumables

90183190

Syringes, with/without needles oth than disposable syringes

6

other consumables

90183200

Tubular metal needles and needles for sutures

6

other consumables

39232910

Aseptic bags of oth plastics,reinforced or not with aluminium foil,width≥315mm&length≥410mm,incorporating a sealed gland

6

other consumables

39232990

AsepticBags of oth plastics,reinforced/not w aluminiumfoil (exc retort pouches),width≥315mm&length≥410mm,not SealedGland

6

other consumables

30067000

Gel prep designed to be used in hum or vet med as a lubricant for parts of the body for surg operations or physical exam

6

other consumables

37011000

For Xray

6

other consumables

37021000

For Xray

6

other consumables

87059050

Oth special purpose motor vhcl,not design for person & goodStreet cleaning vhcl, cesspool emptiers, mobile clinics

6

other consumables

87059090

Oth special purpose motor vhcl,not design for person & goodother special vhcl

6

other consumables

94029010

Furniture designed for medical,surgical/ veterinarypurposes &parts thereof, oth than chairs

6

other consumables

94029020

Commodes

6

other consumables

94029090

Oth furniture designed for medical, surgical/veterinarypurpose&part thereof, oth than chairs and commodes

6

other consumables

84213920

Air purifiers

6

other consumables

84213990

Filtering/purifying mach & aparatus for gases

6

other consumables

73110023

Containers for compressed/liquefied gas,of iron/steel seamless steel cylinders,capacity>30L for LPG

6

other consumables

73110024

Containers for compressed/liquefied gas,of iron/steel seamless steel cylinders,capacity>30L &<110L for LPG

6

other consumables

73110025

Oth containers for compressed/liquefied gas seamless steel cylinders, for Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

6

other consumables

73110026

Oth containers for compressed/liquefied gas seamless steel cylinders, capacity<30L

6

other consumables

73110027

Oth containers for compressed/liquefied gas,seamless steel cylinders,capacity>30L&<110L

6

other consumables

73110029

Oth containers for compressed/liquefied gas seamless steel cylinders, capacity>30L

6

other consumables

73110091

Other Containers for compressed or liquefied gas, of iron or steel with capacity < 7,3L

6

other consumables

73110092

Other Containers for compressed or liquefied gas, of iron or steel with capacity > 7,3L &< 30L

6

other consumables

73110094

Other Containers for compressed or liquefied gas, of iron or steel with capacity > 30L &< 110L

6

other consumables

73110099

Other Containers for compressed or liquefied gas, of iron or steel with capacity > 110L

6

other consumables

76130000

Aluminium containers for compressed or liquefied gas.

6

other consumables

63062200

Tents of synthetic fibres

6

other consumables

63062910

Tents of oth textiles of cotton

6

other consumables

63062990

Tents of oth textiles, oth than cotton

6

other consumables

84248910

Hand-operated household sprayers of capacity <= 3 l

6

other consumables

84248920

Spray heads with dip tubes

6

other consumables

84248940

Wet processing equipment;apparatus for the spot applicationof liquid;apparatus for the application of dry film/similar

6

other consumables

84248950

Mechanical appliances, electrically operated, oth than foragricultural/horticultural

6

other consumables

84248990

Mechanical appliances, not electrically operated, oth thanfor agricultural/horticultural

6

other consumables

70171010

Quartz reactor tubes&holders glass,for production of semiconductor wafers

6

other consumables

70171090

Laboratory/pharmaceutical glass of fused quartz/oth fusedsilica; other

6

other consumables

70172000

Laboratory,hygienic/pharmaceutical w/coef< 5x106/kelvin,0-3000c

6

other consumables

70179000

Laboratry,hygienic/pharmaceutical glasswre,nor fused quartz/fused silica

Krisna Gupta
Krisna Gupta
Dosen

Dosen di Politeknik APP Jakarta. Juga mengajar di Program Pascasarjana Universitas Indonesia. Associate researcher di Center for Indonesian Policy Studies. Fokus penelitian tentang dampak kebijakan perdagangan dan investasi terhadap ekonomi Indonesia, terutama sektor manufaktur.

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